Terrminology

Bicarbonate Diuretic:
                                 A diuretic that selectively increases sodium bicarbonate excretion. Example: a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.
 Diluting segment:
                                   segment of the nephron that removes solute without water; the thick ascending limb and the distal convoluted tubule are active salt-absorbing segment that are not permeable by water.
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis:
                                                 A shift in body electrolyte and pH balance involving elevated chloride, diminishes bicarbonate concentration , and adecrease in pH in the blood.Typical result of bicarbonate diuresis.
Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis:
                                              A shift in body electrolyte and pH involving a decrease in serum potassium and increase in blood pH.Typical  result of loop and thiazide diuretic actions.
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus:
                                             Loss of urine-concentrating ability in the kidney caused by lack of responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone (ADH is normal or high).
Pituitary diabetes insipidus:
                                       Loss of urine-concentrating ability in the kidney caused by lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH is low or absent).
Potassium-sparing diuretic:
                                       A diuretic that reduces the exchange of potassium for sodium in the collecting tubule; a drug that increases sodium and reduces potassium excretion.Example: aldosterone antagonists.
Uricosuric diuretic:
                           A diuretic that increases uric acid excretion , usually by inhibiting uric acid reabsorption in the proximal tubule. Example: ethacrynic acid.